In the early 1800s Robert Brown, a botanist, discovered pollen granules suspended in water would move around in a zigzag motion, as if struck by tiny particles. (See Kinetic Theory of Matter for more information on that subject.) Brownian motion This theory provides an explanation of many characteristics of matter, including how heat works and why materials change from solid to liquid to gas. This theory is also called the Kinetic Theory of Matter, because of the constant movement of the molecules. The original Molecular Theory of Matter stated that all matter consists of tiny particles called molecules that are constantly in motion and bouncing off each other like billiard balls. (See Subatomic Particles for more information.)Ītoms are called elements in chemistry, because they are "elementary" to molecules.
A combination of protons and neutrons combine to form the nucleus of an atom. Atoms consist of even smaller particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons. It was originally thought that atoms were the smallest possible particles, but that has since been proven incorrect. (See Atomic Theory of Matter for more information.) They can chemically combine to form molecules. The Atomic Theory of Matter states that all matter consists of extremely small particles called atoms.
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